Video Transcript
The ultimate fuels are fusing hydrogen nuclei together and that's what runs the sun. Other common elements, light elements can do that and they include lithium, boron and helium isotopes. Some of the reactions are radiation free and others are not. I just want to show you the energy levels. We all know about chemistry fire. Hydrogen and oxygen burning makes H2O and it gives you about 10 units of energy measured in electron volts. If you take dutium and tridium, the two heaviest isotopes of hydrogen and cause them to make a helium or a neutron, you get 17.6 6 million units of energy. That's why fusion energy is so exciting. It gives us remarkable bombs and other exciting things. Fusion on the left are three stages. If you have a heavy, unstable, nearly unstable nucleus and add a neutron to it, it will start that nucleus oscillating. The energy of binding energy of the neutron will cause the nucleus to oscillate and eventually will break up break into two parts and give more neutrons than it occurred at the beginning. And one of these neutrons goes around and can start the chain again. And that's the fusion chain reaction giving you two radioactive isotopes. And that of course is what gives us Hiroshima and Nagasaki and all the excitement of the world. Fusion is a different thing. This is the dutarium trudium reaction giving you the helium four in the neutron. The others are similar. The one we're most interested in is this one because it's very odd. It's a boron 11 which has a charge of five in the nucleus and a proton, a hydrogen nucleus. You add the two together, the binding energy makes an excited state carbon 12. Carbon 12 is one of the most stable nuclei in the universe. But when it's excited by the binding energy of the of the fusion process, it's unstable and it decays to a brilliant 8 and helium 4. The brilliant 8 very shortly 10 theus 13 seconds later decays into two more helium 4. So this process is unique. It's the only nuclear energy releasing process in the whole world that releases fusion energy as three helium atoms and no neutrons. No radiation. It's radiation free. >> Okay. Proton boron 11 fusion. them having that figured out. Turns out of all the chemicals that are out there, how many have we found? 180, 200, I don't know. A lot of a lot of chemicals on the periodic table. If you look at the fusion reaction possibilities, there's only one that has the configuration that you just saw on your screen where the boron 11 converts to a carbon 12, but because of the energies that are happening, it's unstable. So it converts to a I think I think it converts to a a carbon 12 and then releases a helium and then or no the carbon 12 collapses down that releases a helium to a burillium and the burillium then collapses and leaves you anyway three heliums. The energy being released the comparative energy being released when you do fusion is a huge amount. I think back to the cannon ball lighting the cannon example. You can use a small amount of energy to get a large amount of energy out. This is actually what Sal's paper mentions. We know this because I can light a a fuse on a cannon and a cannonball will go flying out and all I did was light a fuse. So we know it's possible to have this amplification of energy and that's what fusion is offering but at the base level of reality and it turns out proton boron 11 is the only fusion reaction by which not only do you get this huge cannonball out that cannonball is I think he said like a million times higher than conventional reactions or I think he mentions nuclear reactions. So anyway, the idea though is you're getting this huge amount of energy out and proton boron 11 is a neutronic. Neutrons don't get released in this process, meaning there's no radiation coming out. It's essentially the perfect find when it comes to fusion. It's likely that unless we discover more things on the periodic table or some completely un a different understanding of physics, this might be as good as it gets. That's what they've been hiding. As good as it gets. Fusion figured out. Solved. Solved. And you can imagine this is basically the normie equivalent, the normie brain equivalent of free energy. Somebody figured out perfect fusion, the best possible recipe, figured out how to get it to work. You don't need any other fusions once you have that. And they said, "Nah, that's a little too good. A little too good. We're going to have to cap that fusion to zero. Cap those solar panels to 22%." Okay, I'm not going to rant too much. Here we go. >> Which means if you build a machine that runs on that, then you turn it off, you can go sit on it. There can be no three mile islands in no Chernobyl. It's difficult to do but these are the favorite isotopes to use. Protons, deuterons, and tritons. And as I mentioned, this gives us this nearly 20 million units of energy. The intrinsic energy gained from DT, which is what the world is chasing, is about 2,000 to one. But of course, the means that the world are following won't work that way. Action here gives us 8.7 million. >> Okay, nerds. Nerds, focus on the screen. There it is. Right. Proton boron 11 creates three helium 4. Lithium 6 plus lithium 6 creates three helium 4 as well. Wait, what? Wait, what? Why is lithium 6 mentioned all the time, but nobody ever like talks about it? Let's see if he mentions it. >> Energy and we can reburn the helium 3 neuterrons when they fuse split into two channels. a triton which is radioactive and a hydrogen nucleus and a helium 3 and a and a neutron. That helium 3 can be cycled back to the exhaust system you have to have on the system and reburn with another duteron to make more energy. So you get about 10.2 million units of energy. The d plus t gives you this ridiculous result where most of the energy is carried by a 140 neutron. And the reason people look at d plus t I apologize for this graph but this is a cross >> I'm going to skip ahead just a couple minutes. So basically he's just showing uh crosssections. So we're too smart. We already know all about cross-sections is like where the most probability of fusion occurring. The secret to fusion is trying to get it down to a single point. Getting everything to a single point. Your magnetic donut is stupid. The star is not shaped like a donut. The star in nature, the ones we look at are all spherical. And they're all spherical for a reason. It's very important. The sun must be electric. There must be something focusing, pulling in from all angles, from all angles. Just like the negative potential well in Busousard's engine. And you can't just explain this with plasma flow because the plasma flow is unstable. We find all these instabilities in the plasma. We start researching it. We're like, "Oh, wait. No matter what shape we try to convert it into, it keeps wiggling out and getting unstable because there's something else to it. It's not just simple, oh, confine it and then we should be good. No, the equations break down in reality because reality is a little bit more complicated than basic electromagnetic equations. >> Equilibrium. And they remembered the right-h hand rule. You know, if you have a current flowing this way and a charged particle going this way, the force on the particle is at right angles to those two. The force in a magnetic field is not a restoring force. It doesn't restore the particle from the direction it's going. It's always at right angle, the right hand rule. So they said, >> so he tells him, oh, right- hand rule. Okay, so basically he's explaining why they did tokamac. So this is the story of the tokamac right here. They they discovered the right hand rule and they were like, oh, okay, we could just make a donut then so that it just constantly recirculates and there's no end to it. That's it. There you go. You just heard it. >> We can't contain particles without a field because they'll run straight into the walls. So we'll put a magnetic field together and all the particles will gyate on them and this is going to trap them. So all manner of configurations were devised to trap them with magnetic coils that tried to bottle up the ends where the particles would all go out and solenoidal magnets and cusp magnets and reflection and mirror magnets at the corners cusp. This is why Livermore spent $2 billion on it impossible system because it has a point cusp north pole south north pole north pole and south pole is the equator and the losses out these equatorial line cusp kill you. You're looking at field reverse configuration, the magnetic mirror setup. This was the precursors to FRC. The top right, I mean, I'll always notice it. The cusp. Okay, if you guys don't know what a cusp is, you're looking at in the top right. This causes the electrons to get trapped in the inside and they keep bouncing back and forth because they're trapped by the cusp. And this creates a negative potential because all the electrons are trapped on the inside. And so the physicist of which I was one said, "Let's close close up the solenoid and make it close so the magnetic fields never end." And now the particles will stay here and circulate around and round. >> Wait, wait, one more thing. Sorry, there's just a lot. He's one of the physicists that figured out we should use donut shapes. Brousard is one of the physicists that figured out we should use donut shapes. Just got to throw that in there. >> There's a physics reason why you can't just do that. You have to have a poloidal current or circumferential current. So I invented the tokenac. Lentia from the Soviet Union invented it. I often thought he invented it and gave it to us to make sure we never got there. [laughter] >> I often thought he invented it and gave it to us so that we never got there. Chat, my man is full of quotes. Get ready. That's just one. All the best quotes to just roast the hot fusion noobs. And that's what we have now. And the tokamac, let me explain something. That's the inner Tokamac 30 m across, 110 ft tall. That's a normal PWR. This is about the size of the machines we hope to build. Uh, and the reason that these machines, these mixed magnetic confinement machines, which don't confined in in local thermodynamic equilibrium, are so big, is very simple. It's that picture I showed you of the magnetic field in a in a tube. All the particles gyate and they stay there very happily so long as they never collide with each other. The moment two of them collide, the guiding center for that collision jumps two viral radi. So every collision causes those particles to jump towards the wall. It's a random wall process. But it turns out it takes more than a thousand collision scattering collisions in DT before you get a fusion reaction. That means you have a thousand trial center jumpings to go through before you know the probability of a fusion reaction. It's a random walk process of the distance of a thousand times the twice radi. And that makes these machines have dimensions across the plasma regions that are measured in 2 3 4 5 meters. You can't beat physics. The physics says it has to be that big. Furthermore, the DT reaction makes this 14me neutron. >> I think you just said something really important. This again, like man, you're only going to get this content on my channel and probably like a handful of other channels because you're you're being you're getting like secret knowledge is what this feels like. And most people it goes over their head. He's saying that when the fusion reaction happens in our plasma, our plasma is our soup of positive and minus charges, our ions and our electrons. He's saying that there's this kind of not quite cascade effect but this gyration that happens because the particles are hitting each other and he says you have this scattering effect happen. So this one hits this one and that hits that that one. And he says this takes a huge number of chains before one fusion reaction happens. So you can imagine your plasma soup is like the calm surface of the ocean and it starts to get rocky, but it's got to get really rocky before the fusion starts to occur. So in the meantime, every one of those reactions is causing the plasma to expand, causing the plasma to expand and start to shoot outward, aka hit your walls. And he's saying, "Oh, well now your device has to be so big because otherwise the plasma is going to expand out. It's going to hit the wall and then it's going to start to destroy and eat the wall and then you're cooked." GG's. The 14 MEB neutron is very very energetic and it has to be disposed of and you have to find some way to create the tridium that you're burning because it's not a natural isotope. It's a 12-year half-life beta decay and you create it by capturing the neutron in a blanket out here of molten lithium. The neutron is captured in the lithium lithium 6 which then makes tridium. It's what we use for the bombs and that's the lithium 6. And you have hundreds of tons of molten lithium sitting around this. Did you hear him just casually throw in there, that's what we used for the bombs with the lithium 6? He just casually goes, that's what we used for the bombs. Mentioned lithium 6 right there, giant plasma container. And outside that you have the superconducting magnets that you have to have to have the high fields. And this whole thing is an enormously expensive proposition which even some of its proponents say they don't think it might ever be economic, but it's really good science. [laughter] No, the problem that we have se saw was that everything that they're doing is highly radioactive. It's expensive. It's measured in tens of billions of dollars. The projected runout cost of editor is 12 billion. The program over the next 25 or 30 years is another 30 billion. The United States has already spent $18 billion chasing this token. And the initial electrostatic stuff comes in at the order of tens to hundreds of millions. There's no end in sight that we see in the tokamac world. Giant machines and no predictability. It's all empirical. One of my friends, Dr. Nicholas Crawl, a consultant to us, probably one of the top three theorists in the world, said some years ago he spent 15 billion dollars studying Tokamax. And what we know about them is they're no damn good. [laughter] How is he not on the comedy tour, chat? We spent what, 15 years,$1 15 billion dollars studying tokamax. The only thing we learned is they're no damn good. How? It's even crazier that we're watching this in 2025, about to be 2026, and this video is 20 years old. And there's still IDER is not even complete. They're not even talking about IDER being complete until like 2035. Like another 10 years for IDER to be complete. It's already been obsolete for like 20 plus years. And we're not even close to even being online. And it's not even going to add electricity to the grid. It's just a research facility. [laughter] But fusion works. All you have to do is go outside in the daytime or go outside at night and look up. There are billions of fusion reactors. Every star is a fusion reactor. Every single one of them. And not one of them is tooidal. BOOM. MY He's just He can't miss. It's hit after hit after hit after hit. Look in the sky. Every single star is is a to is a fusion reactor. None of them are tooidal. Not one kaboom. That's the famous quote. It's from Robert Bousard, the guy that actually helped invent too magnets for profusion. He's one of the guys that helped invent it. And he's he's trying to tell people it's not the way to go. Nobody's listening. And they're all held together by a funny force that's not a right-hand rule force. It's a it's a central force field force field derivatable from a central potential. always points to the center. No matter what the particle motion is, it's always pulling it to the center. So the sun and stars run on fusion of hydrogen. Four hydrogen's together make a make a helium atom after you have some nverse beta decay going on. And the only other force we know that's like that that's that is charge directed or mass mass directed m1 m2 over r squ or e 1 e2 over e r squ. There's the electric force electric field force on charged particles the coolum force charged particles of opposite sign attract direct forces and charged particles like sign of repel. [music] So what we have to do is find a way to take electric >> you knew it was going to come back to electricity >> fields. Next slide. That's all right. Electric fields and make them accelerate the particles you want to collide toward each other. How can you do that? You can't do that with any assurance. If you just take a plain parallel electrode and do it. But other people a long time ago said you can do it in a sphere. You can make a spherical electric field. You can make these particles come to a focus toward the center with a 1 / r 2 convergence. Fusion power goes as the square of the density of the particles times the cross-section time the velocity of the particles times the volume over which that acts. N^2 sigma V volume. Oh boy, I'm feeling it. Do you feel the magic, Chad? I'm getting watery eyed. OMG, I'm going to play it again. Why are the orbs in a triangle formation around the plane, chat? One divided by R 2, chat. One divide, it's all physics at the end of the day. It's all physics at the end of the day. >> That's right. Electric fields and make them accelerate the particles you want to collide toward each other. How can you do that? You can't do that with any assurance. If you just take a plain parallel electrode and do it, but other people a long time ago said you can do it in a sphere. You can make a spherical electric field. You can make these particles come to a focus toward the center. With a 1 / r 2 convergence, fusion power goes as the square of the density of the particles times the cross-section time the velocity of the particles times the volume over which that acts. N^2 sigma V volume density in these machines because it converges. >> So it's funny, anybody can understand that. I love how he explains it because you need somebody who just explains the math who just says it straight to you. He's saying, "How do you get fusion to happen?" Well, the smaller the area that you're doing it in, the better. The faster the particles that are moving, the better. The more dense, the more particles there are, the better. Take all these particles, squish them down into the smallest area you can, and get them to move as fast as possible. That's what we're trying to do. Well, what's a really good way to do that? Get everything to focus onto a specific point. This is the principles actually of the thermonuclear weapons that we were reading. Friedbart Winterberg's polyhedral configuration. I can't stop thinking about it. I can't stop thinking about the letter to Ash and Forbes talking about the monor structures and using configuring the monor structures together. I mean that's polyhedral. That's what they're talking about. We have polyhedral configuration in this fusion reactor he's about to describe. We have polyhedral configuration when it comes to nuclear weapons, thermonuclear weapons. And we have polyhedral configuration when it comes to wormholes. Spinning polyhedral configuration when it comes to wormholes. I think these things there's no chance they're not connected. The physics of all of them is most likely underlined in some truth about our reality. And if I were to really boil it down, if you want that hard that that spicy ash intake, what is the most base element most base particle or component to a particle? We know we have the quarks and the gluons, right? And I think there's always they come in threes. They come in threes. I have a feeling that their coherence, resonance, whatever you want to call it, that forms basic particles probably also has a similar geometry to what we're seeing in the polyhedral configurations on the macroscopic scale. There you go. Little bit.