Video Transcript
Durac quantum mechanics. If you stuck around this long, it's science time, chat. It's about to get scientific up in here. This is the brand new Veritassium video. My favorite YouTube physicist. Where is he? Where is he? Chat. Can negative energy. Wait, what's his name? What's the name of this video? the man who accidentally discovered antimatter. Okay, there's a lot to say on this, but let's just get right to the beginning here. Uh, right around here. >> Mass and energy are different manifestations of the same state. >> So, a particle's total energy comes from its momentum and its rest mass, giving a new relationship between energy and momentum. Now if we take the square root of both sides, we get an expression for the energy of a particle in terms of its mass and momentum. And if we plot energy versus momentum in a single dimension, we get this curve where MC² the rest mass energy of the object is the lowest possible value for energy. Okay, before I let you finish, Veritassium right there, what did Albert Einstein say? He said E= MC². Energy and mass are manifestations of the same thing. Such a huge statement. E= MC². Energy and mass are interchangeable. And we know mass impacts gravity. Therefore, energy must also impact gravity. Got you. Still with me? Good. Here we go. But really, when we took the square root, we should have put a plus minus out front, which would give us two curves. One for positive energies and another for negative energies. But we don't observe things that have energy less than zero. I mean, what would that even mean? So, in classical physics, what would that even mean, chat? What would that even mean? What would negative energy even mean, chat? What what has Ashton Forbes been saying? Ashton Forbes has been saying there is something called zero point energy and the rest energy the energy that we think of as zero. When we looked at that parabola and we say well this plot here goes to zero that's not zero. That's the surface of the ocean. The surface of the ocean is what we think of as the rest energy. and that there's this negative energy in the form of this trapped energy in an extra dimension and we call it zero point energy and negative energy is tapping in to that to that 0 point energy. That's what negative energy is. So it's a conceptual misunderstanding. It's not some exotic purple Harry Potter substance. It's not magical swirly stuff. It's literally just the opposite of a positive energy reaction. Everything is positive and negative. Everything is dipoles. Everything is magnetism. Positive and minus in all of physics. So the next part here, and we're skipping through a lot of this because I don't want to get copyright strike, and these bigger guys love to copyright strike you, chat. But one part I want to say >> throwing a bow in the air. >> This part here, what we're trying to solve with the Schrodinger equation, with all of this math, we're trying to understand how an object moves. If I throw a ball in the air, we can watch the parabola of the motion of the ball as gravity impacts it. We watch it go up and we watch it come down. So when we are talking about with solving the Schrodinger equation, we're talking about how that object is moving not just in our threedimensional space. How that object is moving in our fourdimensional space. How is it moving forward and back, up and down, left and right in time, but also within the lattice structure of the vacuum itself. If you want to predict the ball's future motion, well, then you need to know where you threw it from. That's its position. And how hard you threw it, that's its velocity. Or in other words, you need to know both the position and the first derivative of the position. >> Similarly, so we are trying to understand the position of something in our universe. That's where Schrodinger and Dat came in. We're trying to understand how do we explain the movement and the position of an object when there's no reference point. How do you actually explain the this? This is why teleportation is so interesting because we don't even understand our reality because look at it like this. Here's an example for you. Ash, I'm the king of explan common man explanations. Here we are standing on the earth and it doesn't look like the earth is moving. If you were to look outside, the earth looks stationary. But we know the earth is actually spinning. Not only is the earth spinning, but the earth is spinning and moving through our solar system. And our entire solar system is also moving through the galaxy. And our galaxy is also moving through the universe. We just don't see it. We don't perceive it because we're in our frame of reference. So, we don't see the spin. When we are solving the Schrodinger equation, we are solving that We are figuring out what is the underlying reference frame relative to everything else. And if we could figure that out, you could see how teleportation could become possible. Because now you've basically created a coordinate system for what this is, this location, and you've created a coordinate system for what this location is. And what did we just learn about teleportation on Wednesday? We learned if you have a coordinate system, you can basically re move your pattern from one location in the coordinate system, move your pattern to a different location and you can cause it to transllocate and yes everything spins says I am awake. Everything spins okay so the part I wanted to get to here is coming up here in a second told the whole story and this introduced a further problem. The probability of finding a particle in a given area could no longer be simply described by the modulus of the wave function as it was for the shuttering equation. For the Klein Gordon equation, a new equation was needed to describe the probability using the wave function, which takes a while to derive. So, we won't get into that here, but it looks like this. And the problem with that equation is that unlike the simple modulus of the wave function, it can have negative solutions, negative probabilities. How can the chance of something happening be less than zero? As Dak put it, that of course is physically nonsense. So here you go. Here's where it comes into play. There are negative solutions to the problem. But the thing is you can't have negative of something. So this is the part where physics needed to reconceptualize the problem. This is the problem between math and reality. In reality, we know there are opposites. Positive charge, minus charge, positive magnetism, negative side of the magnetism. So, we know there's this positive negative aspect. But how does it manifest itself? How does it manifest itself in terms of physical properties? And some people would say that the negative and positive as was mentioned by John here are time reversed forms that the electron and the posetron is just the electron moving backwards in time. Another way to look at it is that the negative that gravity itself is just pressure. It's just pressure. And you can have a negative pressure differential and a positive pressure differential. You can have either repulsion or attraction. And that can be represented in forms of negative energy. If that doesn't make sense, don't worry because there's going to be more right here. Okay. I'm letter. So Direct did what Direct does best and he set out to find his own solution that contained no second order time derivatives. first. So Drack basically does a whole bunch of math, chat. Dra does a whole bunch of math and he's like, I need to be able to solve this in a way that will make sense. And what does he do? Dra goes and he makes a matrix. Dra says, "Okay, what we can do is we can write this as a matrix form because the matrix form will take into account which vector goes first. And if you write this in a matrix form, now you can accurately represent how the wave functions operate. That's what DRA does. Does a whole bunch of math. Basically figures out this is how we can get the equa the waveforms to work. But you need to create a matrix and the matrix is representing spatial directions. So I think I explained that correctly. Let me go to this yatsi moment here. One sec chat. 21 minutes. My boy Heisenberg was in there. So here you go. Here's the matrix part. I'm gonna play at higher speed here for you guys. Oops. We're satisfied. Drack had found coefficients that worked. Now we can substitute those matrices back into Drack's linear equation. Then rewrite the three momenta and alpha coefficients as vectors. And just as we did with the Schroinger and Klein Gordon equations, we can use the energy and momentum operators to make both sides act on the wave function. If we substitute those operators in, we get DRA's final equation for the relativistic free electron. H hold up. What? What did he just say? Wait, what? What math did this just solve? So, I kind of skipped through this, but I just explained that Durac took Schrodinger's equation, applied a matrix form to it to get rid of these squares so that we won't have a positive and minus solution. And what did that create? What did this equation create? This equation create >> we get DRA's final equation for the relativistic free electron. >> Relativistic free electron. Holy crap. The relativistic free electron. That's the solution. That's what we've been solving. It makes so much sense because what are we saying? We're saying this this equation represents the movement of an electron through the atom's orbital. This explains how the electron moves in presence of another electromagnetic field from the atom itself. And this equation gives us what would happen if we had three electrons. And what is anybody in the chat? What is the secret to our fusion reactors? Our field reverse configuration fusion reactors. Relativistic free electron lasers. They solved the Schrodinger equation. They solved the DRA equation. And they figured out how to use high-powered lasers to manipulate the vacuum to make the vacuum form geometrical shapes. Because once you've solved that equation, you can now control the movement of any atom and mass in our reality. You can solve the instabilities in plasma. All the plasma issues we have with instabilities in fusion solved. That's what the equation means. That's what the equations tell us. They tell us how electrons are going to move at the quantum scale. And there it is. The free electron equation. Boom. Yes, you can control gravity with this equation. You can control gravity. When they figured out how to manipulate free electrons, move electrons around freely, control them through fourdimensional, fivedimensional space, they've now figured out how to control gravity. That's the underlying basis for it right there. Electromagnetism, hydromag, hydrodnamics, magneto hydrodnamics.