High Beta Increased Fusion Confinement 500,000x

Video Transcript

# High Beta Increased Fusion Confinement 500,000x The fork in the road from electric power to fusion. This is the EMC company, that Polywell fusion company. I was looking through this. You guys can see this right here. Okay. Because you can see the configuration here. I just wanted to look at some more. Look at the references. And here's the paper. This is that paper. High energy confinement in here. I'm going to read the the uh excerpt or the uh abstract here for you guys. This is the one that S was referencing here. I think we report experimental results validating the concept that plasma confinement is enhanced in a magnetic cusp configuration when beta is of order unity one. Okay, this is the other thing I want to point out to you guys right now. Okay, it's not about getting your beta as high as possible. It's actually about getting your beta to one. It's about balance. You want the plasma pressure to balance the magnetic field strength. You don't want it to overpower. You want it to balance out. That's what I've learned today. I hope this ends up being true and I don't have to backtrack later on because if this is true, the reason why this makes sense to me is that this this speaks to stability, resonance, stability, achieving like, oh, once we get in balance, then we can just float. Then we just create our smoke ring. It's not about one side or the other. It's about getting everything perfectly in balance. we report and so that's what it says here is that we need to get to unity. This enhancement is required for fusion power reactor based on the cusp confinement to be feasible. The magnetic cusp configuration possesses a critical advantage. The plasma is stable to large scale pertabbations. So the magnetic cusp is bit good because if you hit it, if you bounce it, it's going to stay stable. So this is perfect for something to fly around in the sky. Early work indicated that plasma losses loss rates in the reactor based on cus cusp configuration were far too large. Grad and others theorized that high beta at a sharp boundary would form between the plasma and the magnetic field leading to substantially smaller loss rates. Well, there you have it. When we talk about loss rates, we're quite literally talking about the plasma just escaping into the air. That's what we're talking about. So, if you keep it confined, they're saying, "Oh, you're going to have this sharp boundary." Uh, that's what we're looking at in the MH370 videos. The reason why it looks like a bubble of plasma is because you're seeing the sharp boundary of the magnetic field. This is the guy that's the author of that scientific paper. And I was like, "Hey, I should follow him and send him a message." So, I did that. So, I started scrolling down. Energy Matter Conversion Corporation. That's right. EMC squared. Okay, that was the name of the the company that Booard started. What? Wait, wait. What? Hold hold hold up. Lead scientist strategic R&D T AE technologies fulltime since April 2019. The guy that worked on the electrostatic fusion device took over from Bousard. The guy that got handed that down. That company went defunct in 2019. I looked it up. Just take my word for it. Check it out. Polywall Fusion went defunct in 2019 or EMC Squared. Sorry. He goes and jumps ship and he joins Trialpha Energy and he's been hanging out at Trial Alpha Energy ever since. And just a couple weeks ago, Trump Media Group bought this company. What is actually happening here? So, we're gonna watch this guy talk about the fusion reactor, the PolyWell fusion reactor tonight. I planned on watching him talk about the Polywell fusion reactor anyway. And then I looked up his LinkedIn today and I said, "Uhhuh, that's interesting. We just connected. Polywell, Polywell Fusion, the Bousard Ramjet, who last live stream we talked about that got incorporated into hypersonic designs with Paul Sizz by Paul possibly. Now we just connected that to George Miley who's worked with Paul Sizz on the 2005 paper, the dense plasma focus paper. We connected that to Salvatore Py. Salvatore Pais is referencing all of these guys in his fusion reactor patent and we connected it to Loheed Martin. Connected Loheed Martin. We see that Loheed Martin guys were like the guys that later would go on to build combat fusion reactors were at this one conference with George Miley. And it turns out the Jay Young Park the Korean that worked that took the research from Dr. Brousard after he died in 2007. Then in 2019, 12 years later, he kept the research going. He built more devices. He built the what is it? Hm07, HM08. We're going to look at them. Built them, tested them, learned scientific discoveries from them. Joined Trial Alpha Energy in 2019. And just a couple weeks ago, 2025, Donald Trump's company, let's just say they merged with them. They acquired this private company known as Trialpha Energy. This interview is from 2016. There he is. Jay Young Park, the man, the myth, and the legend right there. He's about to teach me, you, and everybody watches this later on how fusion works. EMC took on it. Over the next 20 years, we have built several devices WB1 through WB8. I guess two is here, four is there, six, five and seven and eight. I'll show you a scale about eight what it looks like. It it's about this big. So we try really hard confining high energy electrons in this system and reality is none of this device all the way up to eight succeeded combining high energy electrons. >> So you kind of wonder well the idea was great but something's not clicking here either we're missing it or we're doing something wrong. So it gave you time to think what are we missing? So, we're going to take a look, second look into the poly well and look at it differently, not just isolating those queries. >> Hold up. Go back to that. Look at this image. This is from 2016. Where was that? They only put that up for like five seconds, >> but something's not clicking here. Either we're missing it or we're doing something wrong. So, it give you time to think, what are we missing? So, we're going to take a look. >> Holy smokes. Let me get rid of this. Uh, second look into polywell. Diagnetism in plasma and more. Magnetic levitation in superconductors. Current produced by plasma can cancel out magnetic fields. This effect is called diiamagnetism and is proportional to plasma pressure. With increasing plasma pressure, dynamics of polywell changes due to diiamagnetic effects similar to the cause of magnetic levitation in a superconductor. So now we have an analogy here is that this is visually going to be similar. The plasma is your superconductor or uh actually I don't know which was which in this particular case but your plasma if you look in the bottom right the low beta concept you can see that there's not a uniform distribution and in the high beta concept everything is uniform and you have this sharp cut off between the plasma and the magnetic field and now that I'm looking at this I'm having a revelation right here. The orbs are the opposite of this. Whatever they designed with the orbs, it's on the outside. We're looking at the poloidal. I don't know. Never mind. Let's keep going. Not sure yet. Now, it says down here as well, beta equals plasma pressure divided by magnetic pressure. And you're trying to get to one. trying to get the balance out. Note fusion power scales is beta squared and r cubed. So it it points out here I think he mentions it. >> I can look into the poly well and look at it differently not just isolating those but what is really going on and what you need to do. So it's called diamagnetism in plasma. What makes a poly well interesting is this concept called diamagnetism. This happens in plasma because in plasma it's not a neutral matter. Electrons and ions are now free to move. When they move they generate the current. When they generate the current, the direction of their current is try to cancel out the magnetic field that was imposed onto them. So that's the word diamagnetism comes about. So I think that's the connection right there to field reverse configuration. I'm pretty sure that what field reverse configuration is doing is when the the field reverses you're creating a forcefree condition uh field a condition where there's no field. This is what you're trying to do in a high beta concept. Now I understand why forcefree timeh harmonic plasmoids is such a big deal because what we're trying to do is in the middle we're trying to make it where the plasma pushes out the magnetic fields. So in the middle all you have is the plasma bouncing around and it's stuck there in the middle. And ideally, it's all trying to move towards the center to fuse together. So you need there to be an area in the middle, a null zone in the middle in this configuration and the plasma is going to counteract the magnetic field. So the plasma is going to counteract it. more plasma you have this diamagnetic effect becomes stronger and stronger until you can cancel out all your magnetic field in the system. So what we were looking at is with increasing plasma pressure the poly well dynamics will change dramatically due to this effect and in a way this is somewhat similar to the magnetic gravitation to the in a superconducting material called mason effect and that's the cartoon pictures of that you can see the gravitation on it so that's sort of the effect we're looking at it here I'm going to define a parameter called beta which will be used extensively throughout the rest of the talk it's the ratio between plasma pressure and magnetic pressure so more plasma of a given magnetic pressure, you have a higher beta and that will be an efficient use of power because it turns out the fusion power output goes up as a beta square and a volume. So if you want to make a small reactor, you have to increase the beta. If you have a small beta, you have to make up for that by making the device larger. That's the direction. What do you just say right there? Huge. If you have a high beta, the device can be smaller. Low beta, device has to be a lot bigger. Those MH370 plasma orbs have to be a high beta concept. They have to be. >> And here's a pictures about it. I don't know whether you can see the line. You can if you look closely, there's a white lines going through. That's the magnetic field. The colors are plasma. When there's not enough plasma, even though they try to cancel out the magnetic field, it's not strong enough. So, you can see magnetic field penetrate into the plasma. When you have sufficiently high plasma in the system, there's no magnetic field. All the fields get pushed out. So in the big region here you have a field free and plasma region the magnetic field get pushed around at >> field free region there it is >> edges >> of the boundary >> and you can see the boundaries >> if you have a hard time understanding this that's okay it's we'll have some more slides to do it before I want to do that I want to just talk a little bit about short history this will help you understand the importance of the diamagnetism in polyonol so this is a snapshot of the US fusion program in 1958 today and the stories on the next few slides are from the book from project show written by Amasha Bishop and Bishop was the program manager for the US fusion program in 1950s. >> I'm going to skip ahead a little bit here because we know about wait what was this thing about plasma stability let's see what does he say here uh yeah okay we're going to go ahead being developed that area while the inside which is a stable is much wire. >> Yeah. >> So, that was the point he made it back in 1954. Turns out he magnetic mus. We're going to go to 32 minutes here. Oh, yeah. Right about here. >> So, we know it's stable. We know that I mean the whole point is that this configuration, high beta configuration is stable. Here's the picket fence, the cusp configuration. This was one of the first configurations that I looked into because it was rumored to be connected to Loheed Martin's design, which is that you have this picket fence of magnets and the plasma is going to come through it. It's going to come into the inside. It's going to get trapped because it's going to try to go out the back. You're going to have these cusps that squeeze it tight so that it bounces back in here. Now, you can see why there's this direct connection between field reverse configuration and the polywell design. I I have never heard of any of the field reverse configuration talk about it. But the point is electricity positive and minus charge. That's the only thing they're adding in here. They've added a negative potential well in the middle. How? Simple. Simple. When you shoot your electrons into your well, into your magnet field, they get trapped. the electrons are not heavy enough to escape outside of the magnetic field. The ions are the the electrons are not. So you create a zone here in the middle that's filled with electrons. What does that mean? That means your zone is negatively charged. The same way where if I were to rub my head with a balloon, the balloon's or my hair is going to go out like this. But this in this case, this negatively charged well is going to start drawing nearby ions into it, right into the middle. That's the secret. And even in the field reverse configuration, they probably don't talk about it, although they might talk about it. They're probably trying to produce that same thing in the middle. If they aren't, they should be. If they aren't, they should be. And why not? Because what's producing that is the plasma itself. Okay, here we go. >> Cost cost came to existence. Let me just go back here quickly. I forgot mentioning it. There's a cost geometry started about 1954 and 55 at NYU cost studied it because it is an answer by gentleman named uh Jim talk at Los Solomon. Hey, I'm going to create a system where the coils are positive in and out and out and in change the polarity to create a magnetic field. Looks like the pick a fence along the garden British garden and in the plasma everywhere you look at it you see a bit cover therefore it turned out to be absolutely stable against interchange instability. It's the first magnetic system to do so. This is what so he just explained the picket fence, right? He says what you do is you have these magnets and you reverse the melanic polarity in every picket fence. Positive, negative, positive, negative, right? Reverse them. And then so you're going to have the plasma come in. It's going to weave like this. And I love that. I think that in order to create stability, that's what you have to do. You have to force it down to this channel that you want it to go. And it was rumored that the locking Martin compact fusion tractor was a mix of the picket fence with the uh F FRC field reverse configuration. So this is clearly using the cusp design that he's talking about right here. And I think they learned something. I think the Loheed Martin guys, Thomas Maguire, Charles Chase, I think they learned something from these guys 7 Tesla and about a meter radius coil and trying to contain 100 kilovolts. That's about a billion degree if you have converted it. If you're in low beta pressure in these cases, expected confinement time is about a microcond. If you somehow Greg is correct. >> Okay, so get ready. Low beta configuration. This is a comparison. One microcond. A microscond is probably a lot of zeros. A period and a lot of zeros and then a one. Very, very short period of time. So this means that if you were to see this, it would be like barely a blip. Like instantly just there and gone. Are we gonna get a fusion reactor out of that? No. No. So, how about high beta? >> And if it's in the high beta regime, according to his prediction, it's about half a second. So, we're looking at about 500,000 times difference. Chad, half of a second. We went from a microscond to a half of a second. 500,000 times better. 500,000 times better. Doesn't feel like a margin of error kind of situation to me. When somebody tells me that, oh, we did high beta and our confinement went up 500,000 times. Do you know what my reaction is? Uh, holy What the hell did you do, bro? Cuz clearly you just found the secret sauce. That's not a normal amount of increase in confinement time. That's like a Oh I think you just found the secret amount of increase in confinement time. And even on a smallcale nonoptimized reactor, smallcale, not optimized, they're still just doing research. They got half of a second. Half of a second of confinement on some janky garage reactor that they put together.